From October to November 2021, we used camera traps to collect mammal diversity and distributions along the elevational gradients at the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve. We retrived images of 262 camera traps placed between May 2021 and October 2021. We obtained 12391 pictures of wild animals,41 species of large and medium mammals were recorded.. The camera traps were reset in the same locations after renew batteries and memory cards.Camera trap data could inventory endangered species in the region, and provide information to identify biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.
LI Xueyou
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Task V Theme III "Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plateau Microbial Diversity" (2019QZKK0503) carried out more than 30 field scientific expeditions in the first and second years. Footprints cover most of the Tibetan Plateau, including the investigation of glaciers (such as Qiangyong Glacier, Tanggula Glacier, Everest East Rongbu glacier, Jiemayangzong Glacier, Palung 4 Glacier, etc.), lakes, soils, fungi, lichens, animals in Southeast Tibet, Qiangtang Plateau, Cocosili and Himalayan region. The dataset contains 6,471 photos and videos, including habitat photos, working photos, and scientific images collected during the first and second years of fieldwork.
LIU Yongqin
In 2021， the birds along elevation gradients in Gangrigabu Mountains were investigated by point count method. With a 400-meter elevational gradient, elevation zones were set up in the survey area. Five elevation zones were built in the north slope from TongMai Town to Galong Temple in Bome County, and 8 elevation zones were built in the south slope from Jiefang Bridge to Galongla in Medog County. So that we can make clear about the pattern and maintenance mechanism of bird diversity along elevation gradients in this region. The data of bird diversity and distribution will be used to further explore the key scientific issues such as the impact of climate change on bird diversity and adaptation strategies, and the response and protection strategies of bird species diversity under the global climate change.
WANG Jie
The dataset contains microbial amplicon sequencing data from a total of 269 ice samples collected from 15 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau from November 2016 to August 2020, including 24K Glacier (24K), Dongkemadi Glacier (DKMD), Dunde Glacier (DD), Jiemayangzong Glacier (JMYZ), Kuoqionggangri Glacier (KQGR), Laigu Glacier (LG), Palung 4 Glacier (PL4), Qiangtang 1 Glacier (QT), Qiangyong Glacier (QY), Quma Glacier (QM), Tanggula Glacier (TGL), Xiagangjiang Glacier (XGJ), Yala Glacier (YA), Zepugou Glacier (ZPG), ZhufengDongrongbu Glacier (ZF). The sampling areas ranged in latitude and longitude from 28.020°N to 38.100°N and 86.28°E to 95.651°E. The 16s rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F/907R (or 515F/806R) primers and sequenced with the Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform to obtain raw data. The selected primer sequences were "515F_GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA; 907R_CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT" "515F_GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG; 806R_ GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT". The uploaded data include: sample number, sample description, sampling time, latitude and longitude coordinates, sample type, sequencing target, sequencing fragment, sequencing primer, sequencing platform, data format and other basic information. The sequencing data are stored in sequence file data format forward *.1.fq.gz and reverse *.2.fq.gz compressed files.
LIU Yongqin
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of important rodents in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify their related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010410) focused on the investigation of plateau pika in Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Golog Prefecture and Hainan prefecture, Qinghai. A total of 200 plateau pika samples were collected, and the solid samples were spleen and lung tissues. This data set contains a sample information table and habitat photos, work photos and work videos. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, gender, detailed sampling place, altitude, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in the form of Excel.
QU Jiapeng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of pika germplasm resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, clarify its related genetic background, and establish the corresponding genetic resource bank. In 2021, this sub project (2019QZKK05010209) focused on Qinghai Province (Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Golmud City, Kunlun mountain pass; Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Dulan County, Xiangride Town, Gouli township; Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maduo County; Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maqin County, Dawu town; Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zeku County; Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Guinan County, Taxiu township) 93 plateau pika germplasm resources were collected at different altitudes, and the solid samples included blood or tissue, feces and so on. This data set contains 1 sample information table. The sample information table contains basic sample information such as species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which is stored in the form of Excel.
ZHANG Liangzhi
In order to integrate the pan third pole domestic chicken data, build the "global domestic chicken genome database (chicken2k)", provide basic data for the international research on the origin, domestication and selection of domestic chickens, and provide scientific guidance for the breeding and improvement of new domestic chicken varieties. In 2022, this sub project cooperated with the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to apply for the use of genetic samples of domestic animals in Southeast Asia collected and preserved in recent years, and select representative individuals to carry out genetic diversity assessment. This data set contains 224 blood and tissue samples of domestic chickens and Hongyuan chickens from Southeast Asian countries (Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam) collected by the Animal Germplasm Resource Bank. This data set contains basic sample information such as sample species, variety, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector and storage method, which are stored in Excel form.
PENG Minsheng
Biodiversity is the sum of the ecological complex formed by organisms and their environment and various ecological processes related to it. It is expressed at all organizational levels of the life system, including genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. The higher the habitat quality, the better the biological habitat environment and the higher the biodiversity. In some studies, the habitat quality index was used to characterize biodiversity (Xiao Qiang et al. 2014). Habitat quality index (HQ) is a dimensionless comprehensive index to evaluate the habitat suitability and habitat degradation degree of regional land use types. Cultivated land, roads, towns and rivers are used as habitat stress factors to form sensitivity parameters. For the production of biodiversity products, the biodiversity modeling of ecosystem in national barrier area is studied based on land use data and invest model. Invest model has the advantages of less input data, large output data and quantitative analysis of abstract ecosystem service functions. It is an important means of biodiversity assessment at present. Based on the actual situation of land use in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, five land use types with great impact of human activities, paddy field, dry land, urban land, rural residential area and other construction land, are selected as threat factors. Taking the land use data as the input variable of the invest model, the land biodiversity of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau with a resolution of 1 km from 2000 to 2020 is estimated based on the parametric model.
WANG Xiaofeng
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
We investigated and collected the germplasm resources of cyanine in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, carried out homogenous garden experiments to obtain phenotypic data, used genome sequencing technology to obtain data libraries and construct high-quality reference genomes. Using the re sequencing technology to analyze the structure of the cyanine population, combined with the early human migration and diffusion routes, this paper explores the historical process of the formation of the modern geographical distribution pattern of the cyanine on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. By correlation analysis with phenotypic data, the adaptive mechanism of modern populations of cyanine was analyzed. Understand the environmental differences of the pan third pole and the impact of human activities and cultural differences in different regions on the migration, adaptation and domestication of plants on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the whole genome level.
DUAN Yuanwen
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third pole area), and clarify its related genetic background. In 2020, we extracted the total DNA from 266 global chicken blood, tissue and other DNA tissue samples, built a database and sequenced the whole genome. At the same time, we downloaded the published chicken genome data, and carried out population analysis of 863 chicken genomes, so as to provide basic data for exploring the historical events of domestication, migration and expansion of domestic chickens in the pan third pole region, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to harsh environments such as drying. Articles related to this data set have been published. All data in this data set can be downloaded online from fastq, BAM, VCF and SNP files.
PENG Minsheng
Naked barley, called highland barley in Tibet, is the main crop of the Tibetan plateau and the main food of the Tibetan people. It has a long planting history, the largest planting area, the widest distribution and the highest planting ceiling. As for the autonomous region, the annual sown area and total grain output account for more than half of the total sown area and total grain output. In river valleys below 4,200 meters, they account for 30-50% of the area sown to local crops. In the alpine farming area of 4,200-4,500 meters above sea level, it accounts for 70-90% of the planting area of local crops. Naked barley is almost the only crop at agricultural sites above 4,500 meters. Tibetan bare barley has strong cold and drought resistance and ADAPTS to the plateau climate conditions. It is distributed in the vast agricultural areas and farming-pastoral interlacing areas from more than 1,000 meters to 4,500 meters above sea level. At present, the upper limit of planting reaches 4750 meters, which is the highest limit of crop distribution in Tibet. In 1974, a comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau entered Tibet from Sichuan province and carried out investigations along the route. During a survey of wild barley in Jitang district, Chaya County, Qamdo region, Tibetan members provided information about semi-wild wheat, which is similar to wheat in morphology but has broken cob at maturity, and is generally mixed with highland barley and wheat fields as a field weed. Plant specimens and seeds were collected. When the expedition team arrived at the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Tibet Autonomous Region, they learned that comrades Cheng Tianqing and Dong Yuao had collected a kind of wheat with broken cob at maturity in SAN 'an Qu Lin, Longzi County, Shannan Prefecture in 1962, which belonged to the same type as the materials we had collected in other areas of Tibet. Later, in the Xigaze regional agricultural research institute, Comrade Tan Changhua said that he had also seen this kind of wheat when the cob broke at maturity in Renbu County. In addition to the above areas, this wild wheat was also found near Jiacha county, Gongga County and Longzi County in Shannan during this year's investigation. Currently known distribution areas include lancang River basin, Yarlung Zangbo River basin and Longzi River basin.
LU Jimei
Agriculture in Tibet is concentrated in the valleys of the Yarlung Zangbo River in south Tibet and the Nu, Lancang and Jinsha Rivers in east Tibet. The agricultural area of the valley accounts for 75 percent of the total cultivated land area of the autonomous region, and the grain output accounts for more than 80 percent of the total grain output of the autonomous region. Wheat and naked barley (known as highland barley in Tibet) are the main grain crops in The Tibet Autonomous Region, with the perennial sown area accounting for more than 80% of the total sown area, while the wheat and naked barley in the valley agricultural areas account for 75% of the sown area and 82% of the total yield of the region. The agricultural area of the valley is located between 28 ° and 31° north latitude, 2700 -- 4100 meters above sea level. It belongs to the temperate climate of the plateau, with better soil and water conservancy conditions and higher crop yield. But before liberation, under the dark feudal serfdom, the people lived in extreme poverty, and agricultural production was very backward, with the yield of grain per mu only over 100 jin. After liberation, especially since 1972, winter wheat was widely promoted in the agricultural areas of the valley, which promoted the reform of the farming system and significantly increased grain output. In 1975, the total grain output of the region increased by more than 50 percent compared with 1965, and by more than 1.5 times that of 1958 before the democratic reform. In 1977, the area sown with winter wheat was nearly 700,000 mu, accounting for about 20 percent of the grain sown area. The planting area of winter wheat has expanded from areas with an altitude of less than 3,000 meters to areas with an altitude of less than 4,100 meters, and the Tibetan Plateau has developed from a historical area of spring wheat into an area where both spring and winter wheat are grown. In 1977, the average yield of winter wheat per mu in the agricultural areas of the valley exceeded 400 jin, and that of bare barley and spring wheat also reached 300 jin per mu.
LU Jimei
Certain hydrothermal conditions and soil conditions are the basis of crop growth. The Tibetan Plateau covers a vast area, and the changes of altitude and surface form in different areas are extremely complex. Plateau climate and soil have obvious spatial changes, so the distribution of cultivated land and crops has a large regional. There are two groups of high mountain ranges running east-west and north-south in Tibet, forming the basic framework of the plateau. The vast plateau is distributed between the mountains, and there are many low mountains, hills, lake basins and valley inlaid in the meantime, the overall terrain of the whole region gradually picked up from the southeast to the northwest, the southeast is lower, the west, the north is higher. The majestic Himalayas stand on the southern and western borders of China and India, China and Nepal, China and Tin, China and Bhutan, and China and Pakistan. With a total length of 2,400 kilometers and a mountain width of 200-300 kilometers, and an average elevation of more than 6,000 meters, they constitute a natural barrier to the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The warm and wet airflow in the Bay of Bengal is blocked by mountains. The climate on the southern slope of the Himalayas is warm and humid, while that on the northern foothills of the Himalayas is warm and cool and dry, forming two different climate regions on the southern and northern slopes. The south side of the Himalayas mountain rivers deep, mountain canyon landform. The valley is more than 3000 meters above sea level, and the climate is warm and humid. The soil types are rich, mainly including mountain yellow soil, mountain brown soil, mountain brown soil and mountain meadow soil, etc. The soil is acidic to neutral, and contains rich humus, high nitrogen content, coarse texture and good permeability. Abundant surface runoff, irrigation conditions are better. However, due to terrain limitations, most of the land cannot be used because the slope is greater than 25 degrees, and most of the land is covered by forests. Arable land is mainly distributed in the valley below 4000 meters, the area is very limited.
LU Jimei
In order to systematically investigate insect species in and around Motuo, Tibet and analyze the distribution pattern of insect diversity, this sub project (2019qzkk05010606) collects representative insect groups such as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera by using trap method, net scanning method, lamp trap method and Malay's net method in and around Motuo, Tibet, and records the information of insect specimens, Take pictures and videos of insects. This data set contains the information of 11272 insect specimens collected in Motuo County, Bomi County, Chayu County, Nyingchi city and Milin County of Tibet from July 2019 to September 2020. It includes information such as collection place, collection time, longitude and latitude, altitude and taxonomic name. The solid specimens are kept in the National Animal Museum.
LIANG Hongbin
People in the plain often have altitude reaction after entering Tibet. In order to deeply analyze the change pattern of genomic expression profile in the process of altitude response and altitude acclimation. Based on the mRNA transcriptome sequencing method, we have obtained the transcriptome sequencing data of 46 individuals before entering Tibet (collection place: Chongqing). We first collected the peripheral blood samples of 46 plain Han individuals, treated the peripheral blood with red blood cell lysate (Tiangen), centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, separated and extracted white blood cells, and extracted the total RNA of each sample by Trizol method. Then 46 libraries were constructed by poly (a) capture method. Poly (a) + mRNA library was isolated from 1 g total RNA of each sample with oligo (DT) beads. The construction of RNA SEQ library was carried out according to the preparation scheme of truseq RNA library. The 46 RNA libraries were double ended sequenced using novaseq platform. The sequencing results were 150 BP reads fastq files, and the data volume of each sample exceeded 6.0 GBP. The transcriptome data of plain people before entering Tibet can be used as the baseline data after entering Tibet. By comparing and analyzing the transcriptome data of plain people before and after entering Tibet, screening the significantly differentially expressed genes before and after entering Tibet, and annotating the biological functions of differentially expressed genes, we can deeply analyze the gene expression change mode and function regulation network mechanism in the process of altitude reaction and altitude acclimatization.
KONG Qingpeng
Information of animal samples, tissue samples, DNA bar code samples and other physical samples collected in the second year (from the end of 2020 to 2021) of the fifth topic of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research task of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau - "conservation and sustainable utilization of animal diversity on the plateau" (2019QZKK0501). All data shall be sorted according to the subject and sub subject, and the folder shall be named according to the subject number and sub subject number. Each sample table contains one or more sample information tables. Each information table contains sub topic number, species, collection place, collection time, collector, sample type, storage method and other information.
ANIMAL RESOURCE PLATFORM OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU Animal Resource Platform of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
The "mammal species and distribution database of Southwest Alpine Canyon" includes the list of mammals in Hengduan Mountain area, species protection information and domestic distribution information. The list includes family names, genus names and species names; The protection information includes the national key protected wildlife level (2021), cites appendix (2019), IUCN Red List (2021) and Chinese species red list (2021); The distribution information includes whether it is endemic to China and the provinces and regions where the species are distributed in China. The data comes from the specimens collected by Kunming Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the specimens collected during the project implementation period, infrared camera photos, documents, etc. The data quality is reliable. The database can provide basic data support for the research and protection of mammals in the high mountains and valleys of Southwest China.
LI Quan
This database is the list of amphibian and reptile species and their distribution data in the southwest Alpine Canyon, including 9544 distribution records of nearly 300 amphibian and reptile species in this region. The species distribution information in this database is mainly obtained from the first-hand data in the field and famous animal websites at home and abroad, such as species 2000. This data mainly involves species names, orders, families and genera, provinces, cities and counties, small place names, longitude and latitude, altitude and other information of amphibians and reptiles in this region. This data can be used to explore the fauna and division of amphibians and reptiles in the mountains and valleys of Southwest China, and also lay a solid foundation for the study of amphibian and Reptile Diversity and ecosystem in Southwest China and even Southeast Asia.
JIANG Jianping
