The data include four types: water levels of 244 lakes extracted in CryoSat-2 L1B Baseline D (2010-2020); water levels of 356 lakes extracted in ICESat-2 ATL13 (2018-2020); water levels of 125 lakes extracted in Sentinel-3A SRAL L2 (2016- 2020); water levels in 120 lakes extracted from Sentinel-3B SRAL L2 (2018-2020). Data include date, decimal date, water level, standard deviation, and geographic location of each lake. Please see the paper for detailed data processing procedures.
XU Fenglin, ZHANG Guoqing
This data set contains zircon U-Pb dating, zircon Hf isotope, whole-rock principal, and trace element data of diorite granite and andesite dacite in Xinjiang area, south of bango, Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data results are from the Zhai Qingguo research team, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data are of good quality and can be used to study the ocean closure process of Bangong Lake Nujiang suture in the central Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the subsequent collision process of Lhasa Qiangtang block, magmatism, and the Cretaceous crustal regeneration and reconstruction of Lhasa block in the central and Northern Qinghai Tibet Plateau. At the same time, this data also provides zircon CL images and reflection photos of all samples, zircon location for reference and comparison, and also provides a basis for the chronology of magmatic rocks and zircon genesis in the study area at the same time. Zircon U-Pb age instrument: obtained from laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), zircon Hf isotope instrument: Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC – ICP – MS), connected by a goals-193 laser ablation system. The main and trace elements of the whole rock are measured by the National Experimental Center (Academy of Geosciences), Major elements: (XRF; Axios – pw4400), trace elements: ICP-MS; PerkinElmer NexION 300D。
WANG Wei
Since the first Industrial Revolution, human activity has profoundly affected all spheres of the earth, and this influence will continue to expand and intensify. As an ecosystem unit with global significance, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is also an important ecological security barrier in China, playing a crucial role in soil and water conservation, biodiversity conservation, water conservation and carbon balance. However, in the past 30 years, with the expansion of the scope and rapid growth of the intensity of human activities on the QTP, a series of ecological and environmental issues caused by human activities have become increasingly prominent and seriously affected the ecological functions of the QTP. The comprehensive spatial dataset that records human activity intensity will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intensity and scope of human activities in the region, reveal the law of change of human activities in the context of climate warming, and have important significance for further quantitative identification of the impact of human activities and climate change on the ecosystem, as well as promoting the sustainable development of the region. In this study, the human footprint index method was adopted to evaluate the intensity of human activity on the QTP, which used six types of spatial data as indicators of human activities, including population density, land use, grazing density, night lighting, railway and road. The dataset records indicators of human activity intensity in the seven phases, namely, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2017. The optimization and adjustment of the human footprint method in this dataset mainly include: (1) Six kinds of data including population density, land use, night lighting, grazing density, road and railway were selected to calculate the intensity of human activities; (2) Adjust the assignment of different land use types; (3) The maximum intensity threshold of population density was set at 50 people/km2, and the logarithmic method was used to assign the value. (4) The cattle and sheep density data were used to characterize the grazing density, and the maximum intensity threshold was set as 1000 sheep units/km2, and the logarithmic method was used to assign the value. (5) The corrected DMSP/OLS night lighting data were used for assigning values; (6) Divide the road into five grades, namely expressway, national road, provincial road, county road and other roads, and assign values respectively; (7) The maximum influence range of railway is set as 3.5km; (8) Using glacier and lake spatial data for quality control . The dataset contains the data from "Duan, Q., & Luo, L. (2020). A dataset of human footprint over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 1990–2015. China Scientific Data, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.11922/csdata.2019.0082.zh", and the newly produced data of 2017. This dataset can provide spatial data for exploring the characteristics and rules of spatial changes of human activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and can also provide support for exploring the interaction between human activities and ecological environment in the region. it can play a guiding role in promoting the ecological environment protection and sustainable development of the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
DUAN Quntao, LUO Lihui
This data set is the zircon cathodoluminescence image data (CL image) and chronology data set of rencuo ophiolite in the central Qinghai Xizang Plateau. The lithology of the sample includes gabbro, diabase and plagioclase granite. The formation age is about 160-150ma, and the sampling and shooting time is 2019-2020. The separation of zircon was completed in Hebei Regional Geological Survey Institute. Conventional heavy liquid and magnetic separation methods were used for separation, and finally pure zircon was selected under binocular microscope. The sample target was prepared in the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The diameter of the sample target was 25 mm. The cathode fluorescence image analysis of zircon was completed on the cathode fluorescence analysis system of Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Hitach s-3000n field emission environmental scanning electron microscope and chroma cathode fluorescence spectrometer of Gatan company). Zircon U-Pb dating data were obtained by shrimp II ion probe of Beijing ion probe center, and the data accuracy was ~ 0.5-1ma. These data provide a key limit for understanding the formation and evolution of the Tethys ocean in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and have comparative significance for the study of oceanic zircons. The data association results have been published in the Geological Society of America Bulletin. The data results have been peer reviewed and the data quality is true and reliable.
TANG Yue
This data set contains zircon U-Pb dating, zircon Hf isotope, whole rock principal and trace elements, and whole rock SR Nd isotope data of Cambrian and cryogenian granites in Anduo area, Qinghai Tibet Plateau, from Zhai Qingguo team of Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data are of good quality and can be used for the study of the early formation and evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the paleogeographic reconstruction of the Precambrian supercontinent. The main analytical instruments used include: Zircon U-Pb age is obtained by laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and zircon Hf isotope is obtained by a NWR 213nm laser ablation microprobe attached to a multicollector ICP – MS (Neptune plus), The major and trace elements in the whole rock were obtained by X-ray fluorescence Shimadzu (xrf-1800) and analyticjena pqms elite ICP – Ms.
TANG Yue
This data set contains zircon U-Pb dating, zircon Hf isotope, whole rock major and trace elements, and whole rock SR Nd isotope data of Cambrian magmatic rocks in the central Qinghai Tibet Plateau, from Zhai Qingguo research team, Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The data quality is excellent, which can be used for the study of the early formation and evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the paleogeographic reconstruction of the Precambrian supercontinent, as well as the reconstruction of global ancient plates and paleogeographic restoration. This provides key information for understanding the early evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Zircon U-Pb dating data were obtained by shrimp II ion probe, and zircon HF isotopes were obtained by Neptune multicollector (MC) ICP-MS equipped with a geolas 200 m ARF exciter 193 nm laser ablation system.
TANG Yue
Data content: This data set is the quantitative comprehensive mineral facies analysis data of tectonite from RAMBA gneiss dome obtained by the Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer. The data includes the type, content, structural characteristics, distribution characteristics of the whole mineral facies in the tectonite, as well as the type, abundance and main hosted mineral facies information of the full spectrum elements. Data source and processing method: The data were obtained by four high spatial and temporal resolution EDAX energy spectrometers mounted on a Tescan field emission scanning electron microscope. The electrons outside the atomic nucleus of a measuring point on the mineral surface are bombarded by a high-energy electron beam, the transition between different energy levels or excited to escape into free electrons and release photons with a certain energy. The type and content of the mineral element can be accurately calibrated by the signals captured by different energy channels of the energy spectrum detector. Then, automatic comparison and matching are carried out in the database with nearly 5000 mineral phases, so as to fulfill the accurate determination of mineral phases and the element abundance mapping. The voltage is 25 kV, the working distance is 15mm, and the spot size is 100nm. Data quality description: Due to four energy spectrum detectors being equipped, the data acquisition time is short, the accuracy is high, the requirements for sample morphology are low, the detection limit is low, the data quality is very high and strongly reliable. Data application achievements and prospects: Sample size is 27mm x 47mm standard optical thin section, scanning area is full slice scanning with High-resolution scanning mode, and the step size is set to 1μm. Through data analysis, we have obtained the mineral assemblage characteristics of each structural unit of the Ramba gneiss dome, completed the metamorphic grade and metamorphic facies zoning, and put forward the structural thermal evolution model of the Ramba gneiss dome. This technic has been widely recognized and used in structural geology, petrology, geochronology, ore selecting, metallurgy, metal processing and manufacturing, and other disciplines and industries.
CHEN Siyu
The data set contains atmospheric aerosol PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 data and ambient air temperature and humidity from meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, 1305.0m above sea level) in meduo region, Tibet. The observation instrument is grimm-180 environmental particle analyzer. The observation time is from April 8, 2021 to May 22, 2021. The data time resolution is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosols in Southeast Tibet. Supported project: Topic 2 of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019qzkk0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains the scattering coefficient data of atmospheric aerosols at 450nm, 550nm and 700nm bands from meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, 1305.0m above sea level) in meduo region, Tibet. The observation instrument is an integral turbidimeter. The observation time is from April 8, 2021 to May 22, 2021. The time resolution of the data is 10 seconds. The abnormal data generated during the operation of the instrument has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust aerosols in Southeast Tibet. Supported project: Topic 2 of the sixth research task of the second comprehensive scientific investigation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2019qzkk0602).
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
The data set contains hourly data of atmospheric black carbon aerosol concentrations at the meduo National Climate Observatory (29 ° 18'n, 95 ° 19'e, altitude 1305.0m) in meduo, Tibet. The observation instrument is ae31, and the observation time is from April 9, 2021 to May 20, 2021. The abnormal data generated in the sampling process has been eliminated. During the observation period, due to the influence of the South Asian monsoon, the air humidity is high, and the surrounding of the observation site is less disturbed by human activities. This data set provides basic data for studying the physical characteristics, temporal and spatial variation characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric black carbon aerosols in Southeast Tibet.
HUANG Jianping, ZHANG Lei, TIAN Pengfei, SHI Jinsen
1. The data content includes: year, month, day, hour, longitude, latitude, altitude, meridional (UQ) and latitudinal (VQ) components of water vapor flux; 2. Data source and processing method: GPS meteorological sounding data of voyages in the eastern Indian Ocean, and calculate water vapor flux through relative humidity, wind field, air pressure and altitude; 3. Data quality description: vertical continuous observation with 1 second vertical resolution; 4. Data application achievements and prospects: Study on the changes of water vapor transport in the tropical Indian Ocean;
LIU Zhaofei, YAO Zhijun
The data sources of this dataset mainly include domestic satellite images such as HJ-1A/B, GF-1/2, ZY-3, and Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI series satellite image data. Using the domestic satellite images supplemented by Google Earth images to generate the component training sample and validation sample data of different geographical divisions. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE) to test and correct the model algorithm parameters. The normalized settlement density index (NSDI) is obtained based on random forest algorithm, Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI series satellite images and auxiliary data. The vector boundary of urban built-up area is obtained by density segmentation method after manual interactive interpretation and correction. The NSDI, vegetation coverage index and vector boundary of the Tibetan Plateau are used to produce the original data of urban impervious surface and urban green space fractions in the Tibetan Plateau. After correction and accuracy evaluation, the datasets of urban impervious surface area and green space fractions in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2020 are generated. The resolution of the data product is 30 m, and the coordinate system and storage format of the data files are unified. The geographic coordinate system is WGS84, the projected coordinate system is Albers, and the data storage format is GeoTIFF, the data unit is percentage (the value range is 0~10000), and the scale factor is 0.01. In order to quantify the change of urban land cover more accurately, samples from several typical cities are selected to verify the dataset. The specific verification methods and accuracy are shown in the published results. The data can be used to analyze and reveal the impact of land cover change and future scenario simulation on the Tibetan Plateau, to provide a scientific basis for building environmentally livable cities and improving the quality of human settlements on the Tibetan Plateau.
KUANG Wenhui, GUO Changqing, DOU Yinyin
Muli coal mine is a typical industrial and mining area in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Taking Muli coal mine as an example, in the area delimitation, we take the coordinate boundaries of East, West, North and south to cut it out, and get a rectangular area, and take it as the mining area of Muli coal mine. We use the national 1km land use remote sensing monitoring data provided by the resource, environment and data center of the Institute of geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data production of the three phases in 2000, 2005 and 2010 is based on Landsat TM / ETM Remote Sensing Image of each phase as the main data source, and the two phases in 2015 and 2020 are based on Landsat 8 oli / tirs remote sensing image as the main data source, which are generated by manual visual interpretation. The data format is grid TIF, and the resolution is 1km.
LIU Zhenwei, CHEN Shaohui
The temperature humidity index (THI) was proposed by J.E. Oliver in 1973. Its physical meaning is the temperature after humidity correction. It considers the comprehensive impact of temperature and relative humidity on human comfort. It is an important index to measure regional climate comfort. On the basis of referring to the existing classification standards of physiological and climatic evaluation indexes, combined with the natural and geographical characteristics of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and facing the needs of human settlements suitability evaluation in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the temperature and humidity index and its suitability zoning results of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (more than 3000 meters) are developed (including unsuitable, critical suitable, general suitable, relatively suitable and highly suitable).
FENG Zhiming, LI Peng, LIN Yumei
Under the funding of the first project (Development of Multi-scale Observation and Data Products of Key Cryosphere Parameters) of the National Key Research and Development Program of China-"The Observation and Inversion of Key Parameters of Cryosphere and Polar Environmental Changes", the research group of Zhang, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed the snow depth downscaling product in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The snow depth downscaling data set for the Tibetan Plateau is derived from the fusion of snow cover probability dataset and Long-term snow depth dataset in China. The sub-pixel spatio-temporal downscaling algorithm is developed to downscale the original 0.25° snow depth dataset, and the 0.05° daily snow depth product is obtained. By comparing the accuracy evaluation of the snow depth product before and after downscaling, it is found that the root mean square error of the snow depth downscaling product is 0.61 cm less than the original product. The details of the product information of the Downscaling of Snow Depth Dataset for the Tibetan Plateau (2000-2018) are as follows. The projection is longitude and latitude, the spatial resolution is 0.05° (about 5km), and the time is from September 1, 2000 to September 1, 2018. It is a TIF format file. The naming rule is SD_yyyyddd.tif, where yyyy represents year and DDD represents Julian day (001-365). Snow depth (SD), unit: centimeter (cm). The spatial resolution is 0.05°. The time resolution is day by day.
YAN Dajiang, MA Ning, ZHANG Yinsheng
From July to August 2019, 147 soil samples of different land use types were collected every 20km，in sections from Xining City to Golmud of Qinghai Province, from Golmud of Qinghai Province to Lhasa of Tibet Autonomous Region, and from Golmud to Xining, far away from human disturbance. Totally, 147 soil samples were collected, including 83 grassland, 48 sandy land, 14 agricultural land and 3 forest land. The data set includes serial number, geographical location of sampling points, land use type, longitude and latitude coordinates, altitude, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content and soil pH. The data format is Excel table. This data set is obtained by the combination of field sampling and indoor experiments. Soil samples in 0-15 cm layer was collected with a soil drill (8 cm in diameter) in each square by random sampling method, and the soil separated from the root system was screened by using a coarse screen. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium was measured from the whole sample, and the 0.15 mm soil sample was used, in which the total nitrogen was measured by semi-automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen determinator, the total phosphorus was measured by spectrophotometer, and the total potassium was measured by flame photometer. The measurement of soil PH value was as: weighed 10g of air dried soil sample screened by 1mm into a 50ml beaker, added carbon dioxide free distilled water to maintain the water-soil ratio of 2.5:1, and measured it in PHSJ-4F laboratory. This data can provide data support and scientific basis for alpine ecosystem restoration.
ZHAO Guangju
From September to October 2019, a field survey was carried out along the 214 National Highway in the Sanjiangyuan District to investigate the geology, landform, climate and vegetation type data, and to collect soil samples along the line, a total of 32 soil samples. Field surveys were carried out in the typical desertified grassland, grazing grassland and plateau pika activity areas in the source area of the Three Rivers from June to July 2020, including 15 soil samples with different degrees of desertification, 9 soil samples with different grazing intensity, and pika activity areas There are 12 soil samples, 36 in total. The two field surveys totaled 68 soil samples. The content of the data set includes serial number, geographic location of each sample point, land use type, latitude and longitude coordinates, altitude, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content and soil pH. The data format is an Excel table. This data set is obtained by self-determination by combining field sampling and indoor experiment. The total nitrogen is measured by a semi-automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, the total phosphorus is measured by a spectrophotometer, the total potassium is measured by a flame photometer, and the pH is measured by a PHSJ-4F laboratory pH meter. This data can provide data support and scientific basis for the restoration of the alpine ecosystem.
ZHAO Guangju
1) The data includes 40 14C dating data of multiple Lake cores. The age control of most lake sediment cores is completed by radiocarbon isotope (14C) dating. The data sheet includes Lake core sample number, laboratory sample number, sample depth, 14C results, dating error and corrected results. The chronological framework of Lake cores is the basis for paleoclimate reconstruction. 2) All 14C data are completed in beta analytical Inc, and the laboratory operation is in strict accordance with the standard process. 3) The quality of the 40 dating data is good. 4) The data have been published, which provides basic data for the study of paleoclimate in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
HOU Juzhi
The purpose of this work is to carry out high-resolution magnetotelluric sounding profile observation near the East tectonic Festival on the basis of the previous three-dimensional magnetotelluric sounding array in the eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau, so as to reveal the deep structure of the regional lithosphere, understand the relationship between regional fault activity and deep electrical structure, and study the deep rheological state of the India Eurasia plate collision. The data set contains the "fine structure and shallow response of lithosphere in key areas" special topic of the secondary scientific research of Qinghai Tibet Plateau "Magnetotelluric sounding profile data in the mission. Specifically, it includes 30 magnetotelluric sounding data station data files and 1 data coordinate file collected within a length of about 200km, from Beibeng of Motuo County to Qingduo in Bomi County. The data quality is generally good, with effective frequency range of about 100hz-2000s. However, due to local interference, some stations are not ideal after 1Hz In addition, the regional terrain and coverage are complex, the natural electric field of groundwater is strong, and there is a strong three-dimensional distortion effect in the data.
JIN Sheng
The current basic data set of major hydropower cascade development projects under construction and planning on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2020) includes hydropower stations completed, under construction and planned on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in 2020. The current basic data set of major hydropower cascade development projects under construction and planning on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2020) includes the name of power station, river name, superior river name, construction location, installed capacity and annual power generation. The data is stored in Excel file in xlsx format and can be opened directly for use. The data is manually sorted and processed into tables, and one person enters and one person checks to ensure the data quality.
YANG Lihu
