1) These data main included the GPR-surveyed ice thickness of six typical various-sized glaciers in 2016-2018; the GlabTop2-modeled ice thickness of the entire UIB sub-basins, discharge data of the hydrological stations, and related raw & derived data. 2) Data sources and processing methods: We compared the plots and profiles of GPR-surveyed ice bed elevation with the GlabTop2-simulated results and selected the optimal parametric scheme, then simulated the ice thickness of the whole UIB basin and assessed its hydrological effect. These processed results were stored as tables and tif format， 3) Data quality description: The simulated ice thickness has a spatial resolution of 30 m, and has been verified by the GPR-surveyed ice thickness for the MD values were less than 10 m. The maximum error of the GPR-measured data was 230.2 ± 5.4 m, within the quoted glacier error at ± 5%. 4) Synthesizing knowledge of the ice thickness and ice reserves provides critical information for water resources management and regional glacial scientific research, it is also essential for several other fields of glaciology, including hydrological effect, regional climate modeling, and assessment of glacier hazards.
ZHANG Yinsheng
By archaeological investigation and excavation in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas, we discovered Jinchankou site, Zongri site, Xinancheng cemetery, bangga site and Tshem gzhung kha thog. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified and analysed stone artifacts, animal remains and plant fossil, and obtained a batch of dating data of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating;identification and isotopic composition and quality indicators of animal remains and plant fossil. At the same time, the relevant animal and plant remains and isotopes in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas are sorted out. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how human lived in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas during the Neolithic Age and historical period.
DONG Guanghui YANG Xiaoyan Lü Hongliang MA Minmin MA Minmin
This dataset is the high-resolution downscaled results of three global circulation models (CCSM4, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR) from CMIP5. The regional climate model applied is the WRF model. The domain of this dataset covers the five countries of Central Asia. Its horizontal resolution is 9km. The future (reference) period is 2031-2050 (1986-2005), which includes the 10 years under 1.5-2℃ global warming. The carbon emission scenario is RCP4.5. The variances are annual mean temperature at 2m and precipitation (cumulus and grid-scale precipitation). This dataset can be used to project the climate in Central Asia.
QIU Yuan
The dataset is a nearly 36-year (1983.7-2018.12) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global SSR (surface solar radiation) dataset, which can be used for hydrological modeling, land surface modeling and engineering application. The dataset was produced based on ISCCP-HXG cloud products, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS aerosol and albedo products with an improved physical parameterization scheme. Validation and comparisons with other global satellite radiation products indicate that our SSR estimates were generally better than those of the ISCCP flux dataset (ISCCP-FD), the global energy and water cycle experiment surface radiation budget (GEWEX-SRB), and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). This SSR dataset will contribute to the land-surface process simulations and the photovoltaic applications in the future. The unit is W/㎡, instantaneous value.
TANG Wenjun
The major deserts in China include the Taklamakan Desert, Gurban Tunggut Desert, Qaidam Desert, Kumtag Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Ulan Buh Desert, Hobq Desert, MU US Desert, Hunshandake Desert, Hulunbuir Sands, and Horqin Sands. All the desert boundaries were derived from Google Earth Pro® via manual interpretation. We delineated the desert boundaries using the Digital Global Feature Imagery and SpotImage (2011, 10 m resolution) collections of Google Earth Pro®, whose spatial resolution is finer than 30 m. The acquisition time of most images was in 2011.
China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) provides a multiple climate model environment, which can be used to predict the future climate change in the key nodes in the Belts and Road to deal with the environmental and climate problems. Key nodes in the Belt and Road are taken as the study regions of this dataset. The ability of 43 climate models in CMIP5 to predict the future climate change in the study regions was assessed and the optimal models under different scenarios were selected according to the RMSE between the prediction results and real observations. This dataset is composed of the prediciton results of precipitation and near-surface air temperature between 2006 and 2065 using the optimal models in monthly temporal frequncy. The spatial resolution of the dataset has been downscaled to 10 km using statistical downscaling method. Data of each period has three bands, namely maximum near-surface air temperature, minimum near-surface air temperature and precipitation. In this data set, the unit of precipitation is kg / (m ^ 2 * s), and the unit of near-surface air temperature is K. This dataset provides data basis for solving environmental and climate problems of the key nodes in the Belts and Road.
LI Xinyan LING Feng
In order to study the relationship between the spread of vines and human activities, we re sequenced the varieties from Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, as well as Pakistan, India, Nepal, Germany, Japan and other places. At the same time, the gene families were clustered, and the unique and common genes and gene families were counted. In addition, the expansion and contraction analysis of gene families and the phylogeny were also carried out Tree construction, genome-wide replication event analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular basis of the adaptation of traditional Cranberry varieties to the plateau under the dual pressure of human activities and regional climate environment. Therefore, this study is helpful to reveal the adaptive mechanism of C. racemosa adapting to the plateau ecological environment and the influence of artificial domestication and human selection on its genetic differentiation in the process of evolution.
DUAN Yuanwen
In order to describe the diseases of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, investigate the epidemic situation of the main domestic animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, collect the genetic samples of the resistant and susceptible individuals and the intestinal microbial samples of the main epidemic diseases of the main domestic animals. The data set includes 48 samples of brown cattle in Yili area of Xinjiang, 39 samples of Haidong Mongolian sheep in Qinghai, 32 samples of Qinghai horse, 20 samples of Shangri La yellow cattle in Yunnan and 20 samples of goat. All the samples were fresh feces, and the results of 16S sequencing were obtained after DNA extraction. All the data are original data without any analysis. The purpose of testing these samples is to compare the differences of intestinal microbial species and quantity among different domestic animals in the pan third polar region.
DUAN Ziyuan
From April 2020 to August 2020, sub project 3 collected 51 ear tissue samples of Qinghai fine wool sheep distributed in Haiyan County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, 50 blood samples of Oula sheep in Tongde County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 50 blood samples of yak in Tongde County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 60 blood samples of Haidong donkey in Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Xining City, and tissue samples A total of 211 copies. At the same time, the information of body length, body height, weight, age and gender, as well as the data of economic traits such as litter size, wool fineness and wool length were recorded. The individual photos were taken, and the information of feeding mode and epidemic situation were obtained through questionnaire survey.
TIAN Fei
By archaeological investigation and excavation in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas, we discovered Jinchankou site, Zongri site, Xinancheng cemetery, bangga site and Tshem gzhung kha thog. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified and analysed stone artifacts, animal remains and plant fossil, and obtained a batch of dating data of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating;identification and isotopic composition and quality indicators of animal remains and plant fossil. At the same time, the relevant animal and plant remains and isotopes in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas are sorted out. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how human lived in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas during the Neolithic Age and historical period.
DONG Guanghui YANG Xiaoyan Lü Hongliang MA Minmin MA Minmin
By archaeological investigation and excavation in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas, we discovered Jinchankou site, Zongri site, Xinancheng cemetery, bangga site and Tshem gzhung kha thog. In this dataset, there are some basic informations about these sites, such as location, longitude, latitude, altitude, material culture and so on. On this Basis, we identified and analysed stone artifacts, animal remains and plant fossil, and obtained a batch of dating data of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating;identification and isotopic composition and quality indicators of animal remains and plant fossil. At the same time, the relevant animal and plant remains and isotopes in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas are sorted out. This dataset provide important basic data for understanding when and how human lived in the Tibet Plateau and neighbouring areas during the Neolithic Age and historical period.
DONG Guanghui YANG Xiaoyan Lü Hongliang MA Minmin MA Minmin
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of the main domesticated animals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas (Pan third polar region), and clarify its genetic background. In 2020, we selected 31 RNA tissue samples from kidney, spleen and jejunum of local commercial chicken and native chicken in Kenya. After extracting total RNA, we established a library and performed transcriptome sequencing. Sequencing produced a batch of 180g transcriptome sequencing raw data. In order to explore the domestication, migration, expansion and other historical events of domestic chicken in Pan third pole area, and further explore the adaptation mechanism of domesticated animals to dry and other harsh environment. This data set contains the excel table of basic sample information such as species, breed, sex and phenotype of 31 domestic chicken individuals, and the original data and MD5 value of three tissue transcriptome sequencing of 31 domestic chicken individuals.
PENG Minsheng
In order to describe the distribution pattern of genetic diversity of main domesticated animals in Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, clarify their genetic background and establish corresponding genetic resource bank. In December 2019, a total of 1208 blood or tissue samples were collected from 254 goats of Chongqing Dazu black goat, Lubei white goat, Hainan black goat, Xuzhou SuBai goat and Yimeng black goat in Chongqing, Shandong, Jiangsu and Hainan, including 9 fresh tissue RNA samples such as heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. This data set contains the sample species, species, detailed sampling place, sample type, collection time, collector, storage method and other basic sample information, which is stored in the form of Excel. The data set also contains the appearance photos of individual species, which are stored in JPG format.
PENG Minsheng
The Yarlung Zangbo suture zone and its neighbouring areas are crucial for the research of the evolution of Neo-Tethys. The earliest evidence of the formation of Neo-Tethys remains to be discovered and the sequence of the basin evolution in many areas, such as the eastern and western Xizang, is far from well established. The limits in stratigraphy and sedimentology have greatly restricted the investigation of the evolution of Neo-Tethys as well as the collision between Indian-Eurasian plates. This exploration team conducted a joint investigation on the Mesozoic strata in some key areas in eastern, central, and southern Xizang, with emphasis on their stratigraphy, palaeontology, and sedimentology, to retrieve potential stratigraphic and sedimentary evidence of the opening, evolution, and retreat of the Neo-Tethys in the region. This dataset is a collection of the exploration, which includes diaries and photos of the strata, geological structure, profiles, and fossils that have been collected in the above-mentioned areas. It consists of three items. The explored strata include the Jurassic-Cretaceous in Luolong and Basu counties, eastern Xizang, in Renbu and Lang counties, central Xizang, and the radiolarite strata in Ngari.
LI Jianguo LUO Hui LI Xianghui
This data set is the data set of Lake elements in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province, which records the main lake characteristics and water quality sampling and analysis data in detail. There are many lakes in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province, which is one of the concentrated distribution areas of lakes in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The basic characteristics of Lake Development in this area are: large quantity, many types and complex structure. According to preliminary statistics, there are 107 lakes with an area of more than 1km2, with a total area of 3825km2 and a lake degree of about 0.05. The original data of the data set is digitized from the book "natural environment of Hoh Xil region in Qinghai Province", which includes 35 main lake characteristic data and 60 lake water chemical analysis data. This data set provides basic data for the study of Hoh Xil area in Qinghai Province, and has reference value for the research in related fields.
LI Bingyuan
1) Data content: the main ecological environment data retrieved from remote sensing in Pan third polar region, including PM2.5 concentration, forest coverage, Evi, land cover, and CO2; 2) data source and processing method: PM2.5 is from the atmospheric composition analysis group web site at Dalhousie University, and the forest coverage data is from MODIS Vegetation continuum Fields (VCF), CO2 data from ODIAC fossil fuel emission dataset, EVI data from MODIS vehicle index products, and land cover data from ESA CCI land cover. 65 pan third pole countries and regions are extracted, and others are not processed; 3) data quality description: the data time series from 2000 to 2015 is good; 4) data application achievements and prospects: it can be used for the analysis of ecological environment change.
LI Guangdong
Gwadar deepwater port is located in the south of Gwadar city in the southwest of Balochistan province, Pakistan. It is 460km away from Karachi in the East and 120km away from the Pakistan Iran border in the West. It is adjacent to the Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean in the South and the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea in the West. It is a port with a strategic position far away from Muscat, the capital of Oman. This data set is an extreme drought risk assessment data set. From the four aspects of extreme drought risk, exposure, vulnerability, and stability, the Palmer drought index, elevation, water system, land use, population density, GDP density, inter field water capacity, and other data are used to comprehensively assess the extreme drought risk of the region. The spatial resolution of the data is 30 meters and the time is 2015.
WU Hua
Gwadar deepwater port is located in the south of Gwadar city in the southwest of Balochistan province, Pakistan. It is 460km away from Karachi in the East and 120km away from the Pakistan Iran border in the West. It is adjacent to the Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean in the South and the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea in the West. It is a port with a strategic position far away from Muscat, the capital of Oman. This data is the measured meteorological data of Gwadar Port meteorological station (62.329494e, 25.233308n). The data time range is 2014-2015, and the data time resolution is one day.
WU Hua
This dataset includes inland water data of five countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) in the great lakes region of Central Asia, including the distribution of rivers, canals and lakes. The linear and area features of each country are stored in different files. The dataset comes from the Digital Map of the World (DCW), and its main source is the Operational Navigation Map (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series produced by the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The DCW database has not been updated since 1992, and has been provided free of charge since 2006.
XU Xiaofan TAN Minghong
This dataset includes inland water data of five countries in the Great Lakes region of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), including the distribution of rivers, canals and lakes. The line and area features of each country are stored in different files. The dataset comes from the Digital Map of the World (DCW), and its main source is the Operational Navigation Map (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series of the US Defense Survey and Mapping Agency (DMA) produced by the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK. The DCW database is the most comprehensive global geographic information system database available free of charge since 2006, although it has not been updated since 1992.
XU Xiaofan TAN Minghong
